Exercises on quantificational logic with identity: model construction, translation, and natural deduction.
For each set of sentences, provide a model in which they are all true.
For each argument, provide a model making the premises true and the conclusion false. The negation of the conclusion appears as the last formula.
Translate each sentence using the key provided. You may choose your own predicate and constant letters in the worksheet.
Each exercise loads with the premises pre-filled. Complete the proof using P for premises, I= for reflexivity of identity, and E= for substitution of identicals.